Biosecurity is one of the most important lines of defence between livestock operations and preventable disease. Weak cleaning, disinfection and hygiene practices allow pathogens to move more easily between animals, facilities, equipment, people and transport systems, increasing the risk of morbidity, mortality, production losses and antimicrobial use. The consequences can extend well beyond an individual farm through movement restrictions, trade disruption and large-scale disease-control costs. FAO estimates that animal diseases cost the global economy up to US$300 billion annually, while research shows that effective biosecurity can reduce disease-related losses and support long-term farm productivity.